双语 | 2021年三月新闻热词回顾
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2021年三月热词汇总
*信息来源:China Daily
单针接种疫苗
single dose vaccine
2月25日,由中国工程院院士、军事科学院军事医学研究院研究员陈薇领衔的团队研发的我国重组新冠病毒疫苗(腺病毒载体新冠疫苗),获国家药品监督管理局附条件批准(conditional market approval)上市注册申请。
The vaccine, called Ad5-nCoV, has an efficacy rate of 65.7 percent at preventing symptomatic cases and is 90.9 percent effective in preventing severe disease with a single injection, according to interim analysis of late-stage human trials released in February.
今年2月发布的三期人体试验中期结果显示,这款名为Ad5-nCoV的疫苗单针接种后,对抗轻症的有效性为65.7%,对重症的有效性为90.9%。
疫情发生以来,国务院联防联控机制科研攻关组专门设立疫苗研发专班,按照灭活疫苗(inactivated vaccines)、重组蛋白疫苗(recombinant protein vaccines)、腺病毒载体疫苗(adenovirus vector vaccines)、减毒流感病毒载体活疫苗(vaccines using attenuated influenza virus as vectors)、核酸疫苗(nucleic acid vaccines)5条技术路线共布局12项研发任务。
中国疫苗行业协会会长封多佳介绍,重组新冠腺病毒载体疫苗和我们熟知的新冠灭活疫苗在原理、制备方法等方面都不相同,但最终的免疫效果是一样的。腺病毒载体疫苗(adenovirus vector vaccines)本质上是核酸疫苗的一种,就是将病毒的核酸片段装到经过安全处理的腺病毒(genetically modified adenovirus)身上,再注射到人体内,这样可以最大限度地发挥病毒核酸的抗原活性,激发身体的免疫作用(induce an immune response)。灭活疫苗(inactivated vaccines)则是将病毒杀死,消除致病性,保留免疫性,同样是为了激发身体的免疫作用。
国家综合立体交通网
national comprehensive transport network
中共中央、国务院印发《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》(以下简称《规划纲要》)。
Amid efforts to optimize the country's comprehensive transport layout, the total scale of the national comprehensive transport network will reach about 700,000 km by 2035, excluding the mileage of overseas sections of international land passages, air and sea routes and postal routes. Among them, there will be about 200,000 km of railways, 460,000 km of highways and 25,000 km of high-grade waterways, with 27 major coastal ports, 36 major inland ports, about 400 civil-transport airports and about 80 postal express-delivery hubs, the guidelines said.
《规划纲要》提出,优化全面交通布局,到2035年,国家综合立体交通网实体线网总规模合计70万公里左右(不含国际陆路通道境外段、空中及海上航路、邮路里程)。其中铁路20万公里左右,公路46万公里左右,高等级航道2.5万公里左右。沿海主要港口27个,内河主要港口36个,民用运输机场400个左右,邮政快递枢纽80个左右。
这里用来表示“布局”的名词layout来源于动词短语lay out,表示“规划,部署,设计,展示”等意思,比如:The layout of the apartment was good, but the kitchen was too small(这个房子的格局不错,就是厨房太小了),She designed the page layout for the new magazine(新杂志的页面设计是她做的),She laid out her plans for the new house(她展示了对新房子的布局规划)。
两会
two sessions
3月4日下午,全国政协十三届四次会议(the fourth session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)开幕。3月5日,十三届全国人大四次会议(the fourth session of the 13th National People's Congress)开幕。
今年是中国共产党建党100周年,也是“十四五”规划开局之年(the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan period)。处于重要历史交汇点上的中国,将如何擘画新阶段的发展方向与路径?今年两会期间这些议题值得期待和关注。
* 经济发展目标 economic development goals
* 双循环 dual circulation
* 科技创新 sci-tech innovation
* 绿色发展 green development
* 立法 legislation
关于完善香港特区选举制度的决定
decision on improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)
十三届全国人大四次会议3月4日晚举行新闻发布会,大会发言人张业遂就会议议程和人大有关工作回答了中外记者提问。
The 13th National People's Congress (NPC), China's top legislature, will deliberate a draft decision on improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) during its fourth annual session, according to the agenda unveiled Thursday.
3月4日发布的议程显示,十三届全国人大四次会议将审议全国人大常委会关于提请审议《全国人民代表大会关于完善香港特别行政区选举制度的决定(草案)》的议案。
英语主课地位
English as a core subject
今年两会,全国政协委员、九三学社中央委员许进建议改革义务教育阶段英语的必修课地位。这一建议在网上引发了热议。
In the proposal, Xu said that English should not be a core subject like Chinese and math during compulsory education and more course hours should be given to improving students' skills in physical education, music and art.
许进在建议中表示,义务教育阶段,英语等外语课程不再设为与语文和数学同等的主课,增加体育、音乐、艺术等素质教育课程占比。
Compulsory这个词我们都很熟悉,表示“强制的,义务的,必须做的”意思,除了表示“义务教育(compulsory education)”以外,学校里设置的“必修课”是compulsory courses,再比如,It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets.(所有骑摩托车的人都必须戴头盔。)
民生
people's wellbeing
国家发展改革委副主任胡祖才3月8日在国新办新闻发布会上表示,“十四五”规划纲要草案20个主要指标中有7个是民生福祉类的、占比超过三分之一,是历次五年规划中最高的。
这些指标覆盖了就业(employment)、收入(income)、教育(education)、医疗(healthcare)、养老(elderly care)、托育(childcare)等各民生领域,这充分体现了把改善民生福祉放在更加突出重要位置。
就业
We will implement the employment-first strategy and increase employment opportunities.
实施就业优先战略,扩大就业容量。
We will improve pro-employment system to support key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers and veterans.
完善高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业支持体系。
收入
We will work to raise the income of the low-income group and expand the size of the middle-income group.
着力提高低收入群体收入,扩大中等收入群体。
Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
居民收入增长和经济增长要基本同步。
教育
We will build a high-quality education system by deepening educational reforms.
建设高质量教育体系,深化教育改革。
We will carry out an initiative to raise the quality of education and expand its capacity. We expect that the average number of years of schooling among the working-age population will rise to 11.3.
实施教育提质扩容工程,劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到11.3年。
医疗卫生
We will make all-round efforts to build a Healthy China.
全面推进健康中国建设。
We will develop a strong public health system, carry out extensive public fitness activities, and raise the average life expectancy by one year.
构建强大公共卫生体系,广泛开展全民健身运动,人均预期寿命再提高1岁。
We will improve the medical insurance system that covers the whole population, promote a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and improve the medical insurance and medical aid systems for major diseases.
健全全民医保制度,推动基本医疗保险省级统筹,健全重大疾病医疗保险和救助制度。
社会保障
The statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner. The multi-tiered social security system will be improved, with coverage of basic old-age insurance reaching 95 percent of the population. Social assistance and charity systems will also be improved.
逐步延迟法定退休年龄。健全多层次社会保障体系,基本养老保险参保率提高到95%,优化社会救助和慈善制度。
养老育幼
We will implement the national strategy for addressing population aging, and improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and child care.
实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略,以“一老一小”为重点完善人口服务体系。
We will make more efforts to develop elderly care services that are accessible for all and build a system that integrates home, communities and healthcare facilities.
大力发展普惠型养老服务,构建居家社区机构相协调、医养康养相结合的养老服务体系。
The number of pupil places for infants under 3 years old will be increased from the current 1.8 to 4.5 per 1,000 population.
将每千人口拥有3岁以下婴幼儿托位数由目前的1.8个提高到4.5个。
国际月球科研站
international lunar research station
3月9日,经两国政府批准,中国国家航天局(the China National Space Administration,CNSA)局长张克俭与俄罗斯国家航天集团公司(Roscosmos)总经理罗戈津通过视频会议签署《中华人民共和国政府和俄罗斯联邦政府关于合作建设国际月球科研站的谅解备忘录》。
The CNSA and Roscosmos will negotiate on matters about the international lunar research station's planning, design, construction and operations, and will work together to build and run it.
中国国家航天局与俄罗斯国家航天集团公司将就国际月球科研站的规划、设计、建设以及运营等事宜进行商讨,合作建设并运营该科研站。
国际旅行健康证明
health certificate for international travelers
A Chinese version of the health certificate for international travelers was launched March 8 on the WeChat mini program for Chinese citizens, the Foreign Ministry's Department of Consular Affairs said in a statement. The certificate will be available in two formats, digital and in paper, with the certificate-holder's NAT and IgG antibody test results and vaccination status on record, according to the statement.
外交部领事司表示,3月8日,中国版“国际旅行健康证明”微信小程序已正式上线。健康证明有纸质版和电子版两种形式,展示持有人的核酸、血清IgG抗体检测结果及疫苗接种情况等。
三新:
新发展阶段(new development stage)、
新发展理念(new development philosophy)、
新发展格局(new development paradigm)
今年的《政府工作报告》提出:
The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
“十四五”时期是开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年。我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期,但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化,要准确把握新发展阶段,深入贯彻新发展理念,加快构建新发展格局,推动高质量发展,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步。
这里的新发展阶段(new development stage)、新发展理念(new development philosophy)、新发展格局(new development paradigm)就是“三新”。
新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局是理解当下和未来中国的三个关键词。新发展阶段,是中国发展的历史方位;新发展理念,是中国现代化建设的指导原则;新发展格局,是中国经济现代化的路径选择。
显示织物
display textile
复旦大学科研团队成功将显示器件的制备与织物编织过程相融合,实现了大面积柔性显示织物和智能集成系统。相关成果近日在线发表于《自然》杂志。
According to Peng Huisheng, leader of the team and a professor from Fudan’s macromolecular science department, it developed transparent conductive weft fibers and luminescent warp fibers. When woven together, they form micrometer-scale electroluminescent units similar to those on a digital display screen.
科研团队负责人、复旦大学高分子科学系教授彭慧胜介绍说,团队研制的“发光经线”和透明的“导电纬线”交织时,可形成微米级电致发光单元,与数字显示屏的电致发光单元类似。
Display可以用作动词或名词,均表示“展示,展现,显示”等意思,比如:public display of affection (PDA)就是“公开展示感情”,即“秀恩爱”,fireworks display(烟花秀),window display(橱窗展示);display one's skill(展示某人的技能), Toys were displayed in the store window(玩具在商店橱窗里展示)。而在电视、电脑、手机等电子设备领域,我们更常见的是display screen(显示屏)。
延迟退休
raise the retirement age
According to the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035, China will take small steps to raise the retirement age. It will also implement its flexibility, tailor policies for different groups, consider all factors, and make overall plans.
《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》(下称纲要)提出,我国将按照“小步调整、弹性实施、分类推进、统筹兼顾”等原则,逐步延迟法定退休年龄。
第一眼看到tailor这个词,很多人可能会想到“裁缝”这个对应的中文意思,在实际应用中,tailor也可以用作动词,引申为“(按照具体要求、情况)定制”的意思。
比如:
We tailor any of our products to your company's specific needs.
我们可以根据贵公司的具体需求进行产品定制。
You have to tailor application letters for each job you apply for.
你要为每个应聘的岗位准备不同的求职信。
其形容词形式tailored自然就表示“定制的”意思
比如:tailored plan for specific clients
为特定客户定制的方案
疫苗接种车
vaccination vehicle
China's first vaccination vehicle will hit the streets in April in Beijing and north China's Hebei province, which will allow people to receive COVID-19 shots near their residence without travelling to vaccination stations.
我国首款移动疫苗接种车预计4月在北京、河北等地投用。投用后,接种新冠疫苗的人员不必再到疫苗接种点,而是疫苗接种车主动上门打疫苗。
关于“疫苗”的几个词,vaccine就是“疫苗”本身,vaccinate就是“注射疫苗、接种疫苗”这个动作,而其名词形式vaccination就是“接种疫苗”这件事。
上文中的COVID-19 shots指“新冠疫苗注射”,这里的shot是相对比较口语化的表达。Shot做名词常见的意思是足球比赛中的“射门”,比如:He has the best shot on the team(他在队里射门能力最强)。还有“尝试”的意思,与try类似,比如:Let's give it a shot(我们试试看)
学位法草案
draft of the degree law
为了完善我国学位法律制度,促进研究生教育事业发展,提升学位工作质量,教育部研究形成了《中华人民共和国学位法草案(征求意见稿)》,并于近日发布公告,面向社会公开征求意见。
Institutions of higher education that award degrees can deprive a student of a degree if the applicant is involved in academic misconduct, forgery, and other violations during his or her academic years, according to the draft law.
草案明确,学位申请人在学位授予单位学习期间存在学术不端、作伪造假以及其他违法违规行为的,授予单位可以不授予其学位证书。
这里的deprive someone of something是“剥夺某人拥有某物的权利,使某人丧失获得某物的权利”等意思。
比如:The new environmental law will deprive some fishermen of their livelihood.
新的环保法将让渔民失去谋生的手段。
这个固定搭配经常以被动的形式出现,即someone is deprived of something
比如:The children are being deprived of a good education.
孩子们失去了获得良好教育的机会。
如果我们说someone is deprived of sleep,意思是说有外界因素使其无法睡觉,并不是他们自己不想睡。美剧中经常出现的一种疲劳审讯方式就是sleep deprivation(睡眠剥夺)。
互联网贷款
online loans
银保监会办公厅、中央网信办秘书局、教育部办公厅、公安部办公厅、人民银行办公厅联合印发了《关于进一步规范大学生互联网消费贷款监督管理工作的通知》,从四个方面进一步规范大学生互联网消费贷款监督管理,切实维护大学生合法权益。
Micro lenders are banned from granting online consumer loans to college students, according to the statement.
通知明确,小额贷款公司不得向大学生发放互联网消费贷款。
三星堆遗址
the Sanxingdui Ruins
3月20日,“考古中国”重大项目工作进展会在成都举行,通报了四川广汉三星堆遗址重要考古发现与研究成果。
Chinese archaeologists announced the discovery of over 500 cultural relics, during an ongoing excavation at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Guanghan, Sichuan province. The relics were uncovered in six sacrificial pits which date back over 3,200 years.
考古学家宣布,四川广汉三星堆遗址新发现的6座三星堆文化“祭祀坑”中已出土500余件文物。此次发现的“祭祀坑”距今约3200多年。
这里的excavation来源于动词excavate,在考古领域表示“to remove earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past”(为了研究历史,将埋在地底下的老物件挖出来),即“发掘文物”
比如:
She has taken part in several excavations of Roman settlements across Europe.
她参加了好几次欧洲罗马人定居点的文物发掘工作。
中美高层战略对话
China-US high-level strategic dialogue
A China-US high-level strategic dialogue concluded in Anchorage, United States on March 19 after the two sides had candid, constructive and helpful exchanges on respective domestic and foreign policies, the bilateral relationship as well as major international matters of shared interest.
当地时间3月19日,中美高层战略对话在美国安克雷奇结束,双方围绕各自内外政策、中美关系以及共同关心的重大国际地区问题进行了坦诚、深入、建设性的沟通。
个人信息收集
collection of personal information
国家网信办、工信部、公安部、国家市场监管总局四部门近日联合发布《常见类型移动互联网应用程序必要个人信息范围规定》,明确了39类常见类型移动应用程序必要个人信息范围。
Mobile apps will be banned from illegally collecting unnecessary personal information and they cannot deny users access to their services if users refuse to share unnecessary personal information, according to the guideline.
规定明确,移动应用程序不得违规收集非必要个人信息;不得因为用户不同意提供非必要个人信息,而拒绝用户使用其基本功能服务。
这里的deny access to是一个固定搭配,表示“refuse permission to see/use”,即“拒绝使用、接触”,比如,He was denied access to the report(他看不到那份报告);这个短语的反义词是grant access to(允许使用、接触),两个短语常用的搭配形式是grant/deny someone access to something。
建党百年庆祝活动
events to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC)
3月23日,中共中央就中国共产党成立100周年庆祝活动有关情况举行新闻发布会。
A series of events will be held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
我国将举办一系列活动庆祝中国共产党成立100周年。
熊猫专列
panda-themed tourist train
3月24日,我国首趟以大熊猫为主题的旅游列车“熊猫专列”在四川开行体验班次。
China's first panda-themed tourist train left Chengdu Railway Station on Wednesday for the E'mei Station along the Chengdu Kunming Railway on a trial run.
3月24日,我国首趟熊猫主题旅游列车驶离成都火车站开启试运行,列车沿着成昆铁路朝着峨眉站驶去。
据了解,“熊猫专列”全列共12辆编组(the panda-themed train is composed of 12 carriages/cars),由1辆“熊猫悦府”(特级软卧)(deluxe soft sleeper car)、2辆“熊猫雅舍”(高级软卧)(high-end soft sleeper car)、5辆“熊猫归阁”(高级硬卧)(high-end hard sleeper car)、1辆“熊猫餐厅”(餐车)(dining car)、1辆“熊猫乐园”(多功能娱乐车)(multi-functional recreation car)组成的10辆主题车厢和1辆宿营车、1辆发电车组成,定员252席。
【知识点:compartment和carriage有什么区别】
铁路客车上一节一节的车厢在英式英语中一般用coach或carriage表示,美式英语中常用car表示,乘客车厢就是passenger coach或passenger car,卧铺车厢中独立的隔间叫compartment。火车上其他功能的车厢还有:行李车厢(baggage car)、餐车(dinning car)、卧铺车厢(sleeping car)、硬座车厢(chair car)等。
电子烟
e-cigarettes
In a draft amendment to China's Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Tobacco Patent Sales Law, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration proposed bringing e-cigarettes in line with current regulations for tobacco products.
工业和信息化部、国家烟草专卖局研究起草的《关于修改〈中华人民共和国烟草专卖法实施条例〉的决定(征求意见稿)》提出,电子烟参照关于卷烟的有关规定执行。
新冠疫苗接种
COVID-19 vaccination
3月28日举行的国务院联防联控机制新闻发布会正式宣布,
China had administered more than 100 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines by Saturday.
截至3月27日24时,全国累计报告接种新冠病毒疫苗超过1亿剂次。
防治性骚扰行为指南
guideline on preventing sexual harassment
深圳市妇联、公安局等九部门联合印发我国首个指导机关、企业、学校等单位建立防治性骚扰工作机制的制度性文件《深圳市防治性骚扰行为指南》。
The "Guideline on Preventing Sexual Harassment in Shenzhen" refines provisions related to sexual harassment in the Civil Code and clarifies how such offenses are defined, manifested and dealt with.
《深圳市防治性骚扰行为指南》摘选了《民法典》中有关性骚扰的条款,并且进一步明确了性骚扰的定义、表现方式以及处理方式。
指南对性骚扰的定义是:
Sexual harassment refers to offense to a person by means of words, texts, images and physical acts,which is of a sexual nature, is against and unwelcomed by the subjective will of the victim and is an infringement of a person's personality rights and causes adverse psychological feelings or a hostile and unfriendly working or studying environment for the victim.
“性骚扰是指违背他人意愿,以言语、文字、图像、肢体行为等方式对他人实施具有性本质内容的、不受欢迎的侵权行为,该行为使当事人受到冒犯、胁迫、羞辱,导致了不良的心理感受或敌意、不友好的工作(学习)环境。”
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