The 19-year-old has taken over the mantle from Japan great Kohei Uchimura, Olympic all-around (全能) champion in 2012 and 2016, who chose not to defend his titles in Tokyo.
heading into the last rotation 这部分作状语，指“在进入最后一轮时”（肖若腾排名第一）。Russian Olympic Committee 指“俄罗斯奥组委”，俄罗斯在2020年因兴奋剂事件而被禁赛两年，运动员只能在“自证清白”后以个人名义参赛。所以这届奥运会中没有“俄罗斯国家队”，只有“俄罗斯奥组委队”，但实际上没啥区别。这段话出现了三个“赢得奖牌”的表达：
以人为主语：sb win/claim a medal
反客为主，以物为主语：the medal goes to sb
也出现了三个“总成绩为...”的表达：
finish on+成绩
finish (the game) with+成绩
who posted a total of+成绩
记一下~
再看《南华早报》的报道，讲的是男子3米板：
China secured gold and silver in the men’s three-metre springboard (跳板) event at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre on Tuesday to maintain its almost total dominance of the diving pool at these Tokyo Games.
表示“获得奖牌”，这里用的是 secure gold and silver.secure 此处是动词，表示 to obtain or achieve sth (经过努力)获得、取得，比如你去应聘，拿下了一份好工作，就可以说 secure a good job，在工作中你签下了一个亿的合同，就可以说：secure a ￥100 million contract.maintain the dominance of...指“保持...的统治地位”，和 defend one's titles 含义相关，可以放在一起记忆。我们造个句子：
Liu Xiang had maintained his almost total dominance of the 110-metre hurdle before his retirement.刘翔在退役前，几乎保持了110米栏的霸主地位。
如果“提前锁定了金银牌”，可以说 be assured of both gold and silver，我们看《南华早报》的报道，关于乒乓球女单：
Now, China is assured of both gold and silver at the end of tonight’s final, while Japan’s great paddling hope will battle it out for bronze with the 26th-seeded Singaporean.
You are assured of a warm welcome at this hotel. 你在这家旅馆肯定会受到热情欢迎。
文中 be assured of both gold and silver 的意思是：提前锁定了金银牌。在举重、跳水、乒乓球等项目上，中国队都是 be assured of gold medal.paddle 是名词，指“乒乓球拍”，也可以用 bat 表示，“乒乓球选手”就是 paddler.hope 在这里是熟词僻义，名词，表示“被寄予希望的人或物”，文中 Japan’s great paddling hope 的意思是：日本伟大的、有望赢得比赛的乒乓球选手。battle it out for...指“为...拼死争夺，为...一决胜负”。
三、如何表示成绩或排名
看 BBC 的报道，讲的是男子体操个人全能比赛：
The two British athletes in the competition, James Hall and Joe Fraser, finished eighth and ninth. Hall scored 84.598, and Fraser 84.499.
Hall scored 84.598, and Fraser 84.499. 这句话是个并列句，省略了 scored，补充完整是：Hall scored 84.598, and Fraser scored 84.499.在英语的并列句中，如果前后谓语动词一致，要把后面的省略，可以使文章精简而不会引发歧义。这个语言点我们在公众号推文《年轻人为什么选择躺平丨经济学人精读》中讲过，可点击蓝色链接前往查看。从这句话中我们又可以积累到一个关于成绩的表达：score+成绩。可以和前面讲到的积累到一起：
finish on+成绩
finish with+成绩
who posted a total of+成绩
score+成绩
还有一个关于排名的表达：finish+序数词。
关于排名的表达，我们还可以看一下英国《每日邮报》的报道，关于男子体操个人全能：
Fraser began the competition with high hopes of squeezing into the top three after qualifying in fifth place but an early fall on the pommel (鞍马) effectively put paid to his chances.
squeeze into the top three 表示“挤进前三”，这是一个很形象的排名表达法。此外也可以说 break into the top three.qualify in fifth place 字面意思是“以第五名的成绩获得了资格”（qualify 这里是动词，表示“获得资格”），通顺点就是“在资格赛中排名第五”。put paid to sth 是个固定搭配，意思是：to stop something from happening or spoil plans for something 使某事落空，破坏某事的计划。看个例句：
Sun Yingsha's excellent performance put paid to Ito's hope of winning gold medal in women's singles.孙颖莎优秀的表现使伊藤美诚赢得女单金牌的希望破灭了。
四、“以几比几横扫对手”怎么说更有气势？
我们看路透社的报道，关于乒乓球女团：
The Chinese women's table tennis trio (三人组) of Chen Meng, Sun Yingsha and Wang Manyu / beat Austria's Liu Jia, Liu Yuan and Sofia Polcanova 3-0 / in the round of 16 team event (16强比赛) on Sunday / to advance to the quarter-finals (四分之一决赛).
The Chinese women's table tennis trio of... 的意思是：中国女子乒乓球三人组...beat sb 3:0 意思是“以3:0击败某人”，其中“3:0”可以看成状语，直接跟在“beat sb”后面。to advance to the quarter-finals 是结果状语，意思是“晋级1/4决赛”。advance to...记一下，表示“晋级”。quarter-finals 认识即可，指“四分之一决赛”。
再看另一段路透社的报道，讲的是在16强团体赛中，日本乒乓球女团击败匈牙利：
Also securing a spot in the quarter-finals were the Japanese women's team of Kasumi Ishikawa, Miu Hirano and Mima Ito, / who beat Hungarian paddlers Maria Fazekas, Szandra Pergel and Dora Madarasz 3-0 / to complete a clean sweep.
这句话的主干是：Also securing a spot in the quarter-finals were the Japanese women's team of...（也可以把 team 换成前面出现的 trio）secure 我们前面讲过了，表示“获得”，这里再复习一下。主干是个表语倒装句，倒装的原因有两个：1）避免“头重脚轻”：英文很忌讳头重脚轻，如果改成正常结构，这句话应该是：The Japanese women's team of..., who beat Hungarian paddlers..., 3-0 to complete a clean sweep, were also securing a spot in the quarter-finals.显然头部太重，整个句子的结构很不协调。2）与上文衔接更紧密：上文讲到了中国乒乓球女团晋级四分之一决赛，这里开头便说“Also securing a spot in the quarter-finals were...”，可以与上文衔接得更加紧密。《经济学人》在写给袁隆平的讣告中，也出现过表语倒装的句子，读一读体会一下：
Among the flowers were the traditional bowls of boiled rice, super-food for his journey. 按照传统习俗，人们在鲜花中间放了几碗大米饭，这是他路上最好的食物。
这里把 Among the flowers 提前，如果写成正常语序，则是：The traditional bowls of boiled rice, super-food for his journey were among the flowers.回到文中来，句子主干的意思是：Also securing a spot in the quarter-finals were the Japanese women's team of...同样取得四分之一决赛席位的是...（组成的）日本女团。日本女团如何？后面通过定语从句进行补充：who beat Hungarian paddlers 3-0 / to complete a clean sweep.beat sb 3-0 指“以3-0的比分击败对手”，后面 to complete a clean sweep 是结果状语，clean 此处表示“干净利落的”，sweep 在这里是名词，在竞赛、比赛中表示“横扫对手的比赛、大获全胜”。to complete a clean sweep 字面意思就是“完成了一次干净利落的大胜”。beat sb 3-0 to complete a clean sweep 可以当成一个固定表达积累下来，意思是“以3-0的比分横扫对手”。比如“抗日英雄”孙颖莎在女子单打中以4:0横扫日本选手伊藤美诚，灭了她的威风，我们可以说：
Sun Yingsha beat Ito Mima 4-0 to complete a clean sweep.孙颖莎以4-0横扫伊藤美诚。
表示“横扫对手”，也可以用一个词 crush 表达出来，非常有力度，我们看路透社的报道：
Women's singles silver medallist Sun joined forces with Wang to crush the Lius in the doubles match, with the Austrians unable to win a single set.
World number one and new Olympic singles champion Chen then faced off against Austrian paddler Polcanova in a 3-0 win, followed by another individual match where Wang shut down her opponent Liu Yuan by the same score.
这句话的主干是：World number one and new Olympic singles champion Chen then faced off against Austrian paddler Polcanova in a 3-0 win核心结构是 Chen then faced off against Polcanova in a 3-0 win陈梦在3:0获胜的比赛中与波尔卡诺娃对抗。World number one and new Olympic singles champion 这么一长串都是 Chen 的同位语，是对陈梦的介绍：排名世界第一及新晋奥运单打冠军陈梦。而她对手的介绍就很简单了：Austrian paddler Polcanova 奥地利乒乓球选手波尔卡诺娃。根据同位语的长度，就可以看出谁的实力更强。想起了《权力的游戏》中，琼恩·雪诺第一次听完龙妈的头衔，一脸茫然。龙妈的介绍：
而雪诺的介绍 简单到尴尬：回到文中来，face off against 指“与...战斗、对抗”，所以表达“以几比几击败对手”时，我们也可以说 face off against sb in a X-Y win.所以主干部分的意思是：World number one and new Olympic singles champion Chen then faced off against Austrian paddler Polcanova in a 3-0 win排名世界第一及新晋奥运单打冠军陈梦以3-0的比分击败奥地利乒乓球选手波尔卡诺娃。a 3-0 win 后面还跟了一个后置定语进行补充：followed by another individual match where Wang shut down her opponent Liu Yuan by the same score.我们把它还原成定语从句是：a 3-0 win, which was followed by another individual match...这场3-0的胜利，被另一场单打跟着（后面跟着一场单打）。这场单打结果如何呢？match 后面跟了一个定语从句，进行补充：where Wang shut down her opponent Liu Yuan by the same score.在这场比赛中，王曼昱以同样的比分击败了她的对手刘源。这里又出现一个“以几比几击败对手”的表达：shut down sb by X-Y.
五、“淘汰”怎么说？
我们看《南华早报》的句子，讲的是孙颖莎在女单半决赛中淘汰伊藤美诚：
Ito, the world No 2, was dumped out in just 34 minutes by the woman ranked one place below her in the ITTF standings (排名), Sun Yingsha of China.
伊藤美诚世界排名第二，但她在34分钟之内就被国际乒联排名比她低一名的中国选手孙颖莎淘汰出局。
be dumped out 像垃圾一样被倒了出去，即“淘汰”，这个词读起来很爽。此外也可以说 be kicked out. ranked one place below her 是 the woman 的后置定语，还原成定语从句的形式是：the woman who was ranked one place below her(Ito)be ranked...表示“排名...” standings 用作复数时，是体育领域的术语，指运动员的比赛成绩排名。
敲黑板
1. 卫冕defend his titles2. 争夺奖牌battle it out for bronze3. 锁定了金银牌be assured of both gold and silver4. 赢得奖牌win/claim/secure the medalthe medal goes to...5. 表示成绩finish on+成绩finish with+成绩who posted a total of+成绩score+成绩6. 表示排名squeeze/break into the top threefinish first/second...be ranked first/second... 7. 以几比几击败/横扫对手beat sb 3-0face off against sb in a 3-0 winshut down sb by 3-0beat sb 3-0 to complete a clean sweep8. 被淘汰be dumped outbe kicked out 今天就分享到这里，欢迎大家在留言区分享你最近学到的表达或句型。